DRAFT_NOT_FOR_PUBLICATION. This evergreen starting draft has not been checked against current sources. Before publication, a human editor must verify every technical statement, complete a real source ledger, replace the author name, photo, and profile with genuine details, clear all image rights, and record genuine publication dates. The visible part of an AI service may be a box that accepts a prompt and returns an answer. The useful unit of analysis, however, is the whole system around that interaction: the product interface, application logic, data path, model, runtime, compute, memory, network, facility, and operating team. A weakness in any layer can shape what the user experiences. That systems view helps readers move past a single component or benchmark. It also makes better questions possible: Which workload is being served? Where does time go? What happens under contention? How is sensitive data handled? What does the operator measure when quality, speed, capacity, re...
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